Early HIV treatment is a win-win strategy. David Smart/ShutterstockStarting HIV treatment early, before immune damage occurs, brings real clinical benefits, a new study has shown. The START (Strategic Timing of antiRetroviral Treatment) clinical trial was recently terminated ahead of schedule because the trial results provided conclusive evidence of the extra benefits of beginning antiretroviral therapy early. Measuring immune function The question of when to start anti-HIV treatment is of great clinical and public health significance. In the late 1990s, scientists established that antiretroviral therapy was life-saving. But untreated HIV infection takes many years to cause serious illness, so it was reasonable to consider whether delayed treatment might work as well as early treatment in preventing illness and death. Untreated HIV invades cells in